A Study of lived experience of the wives of the shrine martyrs: A Phenomenological Approach

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Refah University (Espicially for Sisiters), Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Humanities, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Educational Science, Faculty of Humanities, Refah University (Espicially for Sisiters), Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Introduction:

The wives of martyrs have experienced the absence of their loved ones. Therefore, the present study aimed to by A Study of lived experience wives of the martyrs who defended the shrine.

Method:

The research method was qualitative descriptive phenomenology. The participants were selected among wives of martyrs defending the shrine of Tehran province in 2021 by purposeful sampling method. The research tools included semi-structured interviews from 15 participants and the data were analyzed by Colaizzi's content analysis method.

Results:

Eight main themes including; “Psychological reactions to the martyrdom of the wife”, “concerns, sufferings” and “unresolved regrets after the martyrdom of the spouse”, “the interaction of the problem of continuous medication with the wife's family”, “rejection and social isolation of the self-willed”,” judgments and prejudices of the society”, “economic and livelihood concerns and problems”, “concerns about the child's ambiguous future” and “laws and the dual behavior of the authorities” are divided.



Conclusion:

The findings revealed that the wives of the martyrs are exposed to many psychological distress and personal, family and social challenges, sometimes preferring isolation. Awareness of the lived experiences and challenges facing these women will help family counselors and society policymakers to gain a deeper understanding of the problems of this group and to provide them with the necessary psychological and health care.

Keywords

Smiley face

References

شفیعی، سمیه سادات، کوهساری، زهرا، آذری، هاجر. (1399). سیاست های اجتماعی بنیاد شهید از منظر همسران شهدا؛ مطالعه کیفی. فصلنامه‌ جامعه شناسی سیاسی ایران, 3(3), 244-268. doi: 10.30510/psi.2020.215987.1108
علی‌پور دهاقانی، فاطمه. (1400). بررسی اثربخشی مشاوره و درمان گروهی سوگ با رویکرد اسلامی بر ارتقای سطح کیفیت زندگی همسران شهدای مدافع حرم DOR:20.1001.1.25885162.1399.11.41.1.5 فصلنامه روان‌شناسی نظامی، 11(41), 5-16.
عبدالهی، راشن، عینی پور، جواد، سوری، احمد. (1400). ساخت و اعتباریابی مقیاس نگرش به ازدواج مجدد (مطالعۀ موردی: همسران شهدا). پژوهش‌های انتظامی - اجتماعی زنان و خانواده، 9(1), 253-271.
Adawi, L. M. A. (2020). Confronting psychological and social pressures and their relationship to psychological adjustment for the wives of the martyrs: مواجهة الضغوط النفسیة والاجتماعیة وعلاقتها بالتکیف النفسی لدى زوجات الشهداء. مجلة العلوم التربویة و النفسیة، 4(26), 137-119.‎.
Afshani, S. A., Hosseini-motlagh, S. M., & Shiri-Mohammadabad, H. (2021). Comparing the Lifestyle of Veteran and Non-Veteran Families. Social Behavior and Community Health, 5(1), 622-629.
Al-khodari B. (2005). Social problems and psychological and social harmony among the wives of the martyrs and the wives of destroyed homes, Unpublished thesis, Quds University, Palestine.
Ahmadi, Kh., & Fathi Ashtiania, A. (2004). comparson of the Psychological Problems in children of martyrs and the late (dead) Personnel of Sepah. Journal Mil Med, 5(4), 277-283.
Aranda, S., & Milne, D. (2010). Guidelines for the assessment of complicated bereavement risk in family members of people receiving palliative care. Melbourne: Centre for Palliative Care.
Batool, S. N., & Akhtar, T. (2021). From post-traumatic grief to growth; Case studies of Shaheed’s wives. Rawal Medical Journal, 46(4), 978-981.
Damia, D. (2013). Inidividual and Environmental Corrleates of Anxiety in Parentally Bereaved Children (Doctoral dissertation). University of Michigan, https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/98888/damiadec.pdf;sequence=1.
Field, N. P., Starsser, J., Taing, S., Horiuchi, Sh., Chhim, S., & Packman, W. (2014). Prolonged grief following the recent death of a daughter among mothers who experienced distal losses during the Khmer Rouge era: validity of the prolonged grief construct in Cambodia. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 219(1): 183_190
Garneau, C. L., Higginbotham, B., & Adler‐ Baeder, F. (2015). Remarriage beliefs as predictors of marital quality and positive interaction in stepcouples، An actor–partner interdependence model. Family process, 54(4), 730-745.
Hall, C. (2014). Bereavement theory: Recent developments in our understanding of grief and bereavement. Bereavement Care, 33(1), 7-12.
Hannon GM. (2019). Post-traumatic stress and American veterans: a historical and war literature analysis leading to art as potential therapy: Rutgers University-Camden Graduate School. Hasani.
Hogan, N. S., Greenfield, D. B., & Schmidt, L. A. (2011). Development & validation of the Hogan grief reaction checklist. Journal of Death Studies, 25(1): 1_32.
Holloway I, Wheeler S. (2002). Qualitative Research for Nurses, 2th edition. Oxford: BlackWell Science.
Hopf, D., Eckstein, M., Aguilar‐Raab, C., Warth, M., & Ditzen, B. (2020). Neuroendocrine mechanisms of grief and bereavement: A systematic review and implications for future interventions. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 32(8), e12887.
Khoshgoftar, M., Khodabakhshi-Koolaee, A., & Sheikhi, M. R. (2022). Analysis of the early mother-child relationship in schizophrenic patients. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 68(3), 548-554.
Khodabakhshi-Koolaee, A., & Najmi-Sadegh, S. (2019). Living with veteran fathers: analyzing the psychological and emotional needs in daughters of veterans (A phenomenological study). J Mil Med, 21(5), 479-489.
Khoshgoftar, M., Khodabakhshi-Koolaee, A., & Sheikhi, M. R. (2021). Analysis of the early mother-child relationship in schizophrenic patients. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 0020764021991186.
Maddrell, A. (2016). Mapping grief: a conceptual framework for understanding the spatial dimensions of bereavement, mourning & remembrance, Journal of Social & Cultural Geography, 17(2): 166_188.
McMaster, H. R. (2008). Learning from contemporary conflicts to prepare for future war. Orbis, 52(4), 564-584.
Malkinson, R (2010). Cognitive-behavioral grief therapy: The ABC model of rationalemotion behavior therapy. Psychological time, 19(2), 289-305.
Parkes, C. M., & Prigerson, H. G. (2019). Bereavement: studies of grief in adult life. New York: ny1001.
Pizarro J, Silver RC, Prause J. (2006) Physical and mental ealth costs of traumatic war experiences among civil war veterans. Arch Gen Psychiatry.;63(2):193-200
Shuchter, S. & Zisook, S. (2005). The Course of Normal Grief in Margaret, S, S. Stroebe, W.& Hansson, R. (EDS). Hand Book Of Bereavement, Gambridge University Press (pp23-43).
Silván - Ferrero, P., Recio, P., Molero, F., & Nouvilas - Pallejà, E. (2020). Psychological Quality of Life in People with Physical Disability: The Effect of Internalized Stigma, Collective Action and Resilience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1802.
Smith, K. V., Wild, J., & Ehlers, A. (2020). The masking of mourning: Social disconnection after bereavement and its role in psychological distress. Clinical psychological science, 8(3), 464-476.
Stroebe, M. S., Folkman, S., Hansson, R. O., & Schut, H. (2006). The prediction of bereavement outcome: Development of an integrative risk factor framework. Social science & medicine, 63(9), 2440-2451.
Unwin, K. (2009): A prospective study of positive adjustment to lower limb amputation. Division of Clinical Psychology, 23(11),1044-50.
Wafa, J. (2008).The psychological unity of the wives of the martyrs in the light of some psychological variables. Supplementary requirement for Master's Degree in Mental Health/ Islamic University of Gaza:108-113.
Yasir, A. A., Qassim, W. J., & Radhi, M. M. (2018). Assessment the Feeling of Psychological Loneliness among Wives of Martyrs in the Light of Some Social Variables in Babylon Governorate/Iraq. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 10(1), 40-44.
Military Psychology
Volume 14, Issue 4 - Serial Number 56
Winter Quarterly
March 2024
Pages 75-95

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 20 March 2022
  • Revise Date: 29 April 2022
  • Accept Date: 29 November 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics