دیدگاه فهمی همسر در مردان نظامی: نقش پیش‌بین تعارض کار ـ خانواده، انعطاف‌پذیری و کار عاطفی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مشاوره، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

2 استادیار گروه مشاوره، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 استادیار گروه روانشناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

4 کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: نظامی­گری از مشاغل دارای تنیدگی بالا و پیچیدگی خاص است که با مخاطرات جسمانی و دوری از خانواده همراه است و می­تواند بر زندگی زناشویی افراد تأثیر بگذارد. هدف پژوهش حاضر پیش‌بینی دیدگاه‌فهمی همسر در مردان نظامی از روی تعارض کار ـ خانواده، انعطاف­پذیری و کار عاطفی بود.
روش: طرح پژوهش توصیفی، از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه کارکنان رسمی یک سازمان­های نظامی مستقر در شهر اهواز بود که نمونه‌ای به حجم 200 نفر با روش نمونه­گیری هدف‌مند و از میان مردان متأهل انتخاب شد. ابزار­های استفاده‌شده شامل پرسشنامه تعارض کار ـ خانواده کاریکسی، خرده­مقیاس انعطاف‌پذیری از پرسشنامه هوش هیجانی بار ـ آن، پرسشنامه کار عاطفی بریت و همکاران و پرسشنامه دیدگاه­فهمی لانگ می­باشد. برای آزمون فرضیه‌ها از روش­های آماری ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه با روش هم‌زمان و گام­به­گام استفاده شد.
نتایج: نتایج پژوهش بیانگر وجود رابطه منفی معنی­دار بین تعارض کار ـ خانواده (239/0-=r) و کار عاطفی (491/0-=r) و رابطه مثبت معنی­دار (619/0=r) بین انعطاف­پذیری با دیدگاه­فهمی بود (05/0>p). همچنین تحلیل رگرسیون با روش هم‌زمان نشان داد که ترکیب سه متغیر حدود 44 درصد واریانس دیدگاه­فهمی را تبیین می­کنند. همچنین تحلیل رگرسیون با روش گام­به­گام نشان داد که کار عاطفی و انعطاف­پذیری بهترین پیش­بین­های دیدگاه­فهمی هستند.
بحث: روابط زناشویی افراد نظامی بسیار بااهمیت است و دیدگاه­فهمی آنان به‌عنوان یک متغیر مهم را می‌توان از روی تعارض کار ـ خانواده، انعطاف­پذیری و کار عاطفی پیش‌بینی کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Military Men’s Taking the Perspective of their Wives: The Predictive Role of Work-Family Conflict, Flexibility and Emotional Labor

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Koraei 1
  • Zabihollah Abbaspur 2
  • Zahra Dashtbozorgi 3
  • Moslem Najafimofrad 4
1 Assistant Professor, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Consulting, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahwaz, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
4 Azad University, Ahwaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Members of the armed forces have a high-tension and specifically complex job associated with physical dangers and being away from the family, which can affect married life. The purpose of this study was to predict military men’s taking the perspective of their wives based on work-family conflict, flexibility, and emotional labor.
Method: The research design is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all the official staff of a military organization based in Ahvaz, Iran. A sample of 200 subjects was selected from among the married men through the purposive sampling method. The instruments utilized in this study included the Carikci Work-Family Conflict Scale, the Flexibility Subscale of the Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Emotional Labor Questionnaire (Briët et al.), and the Long Perspective-Taking Scale. To test the hypotheses, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis with simultaneous and step-by-step methods were used.
Results: The results indicated a significant negative relationship between work-family conflict (r = -0.239) and emotional labor (r = -0.491) and a positive significant relationship (r = 0.619) between flexibility and perspective-taking (p < 0.05). Also, the simultaneous regression analysis revealed that a combination of the three variables accounted for about 45 percent of the variance. The stepwise regression analysis further showed that emotional labor and flexibility were the best predictors of perspective-taking.
Discussion: Military people’s marital relationships are very important and their perspective-taking, as an important variable, can be predicted based on work-family conflict, flexibility, and emotional labor.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • taking the perspective of wives
  • work-family conflict
  • flexibility
  • emotional labor

مراجع

ثمری، علی‌اکبر و طهماسبی، فهیمه (1386)، بررسی رابطه هوش هیجانی و پیشرفت تحصیلی در دانشجویان، اصول بهداشت روانی، شماره 9: 121 ـ 128.
سبحانی­جو، شمسعلی (1390)، بررسی اثر مستقیم و غیرمستقیم دیدگاه­فهمی بر کیفیت زناشویی معلمان متأهل شهر اهواز، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره خانواده، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز.
شولی، سمیه (1390، بررسی رابطۀ روان‌رنجورخویی، تعارض کار- خانواده، گرانباری نقش، عدالت رویه­ای، عدالت توزیعی و کنترل شغلی با فرسودگی شغلی در کارکنان شرکت گاز اهواز، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی صنعتی و سازمانی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز.
 
Bar-On, R. (1997). The Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-I): A test of emotional intelligence. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems, Inc.
Block, J. (2012). Personality as an affect processing system: Toward an Integrative Theory. Mahwah. NJ: Elbaum.
Bourke, J. (1999). An Intimate History of Killing. Face-to-Face Killing in the Twentieth- Century Warfare. London: Granta Books.
Briët, M., Näring, G., Brouwers, A., & Van Droffelaar, A. (2005). Emotional labor: Ontwikkeling en validering van de dutch questionnaire on emotional labor (d-qel) [emotional labor: The development and validation of the dutch questionnaire on emotional labor (d-qel)]. Gedrag: Tijdschrift voor Psychologie en Gezondheid, 33 (5), 318-330.
Britt,T. W., & Dawson, C. R. (2005). Predicting Work-Family Conflict from Workload, Job Attitude, Group Attributes and Health: A Longitudinal Study. Military Psychology, 17(3), 203-207.
Burke, R. (2000). Do Managerial Men Benefit From Organizational Values Supporting Work-Personal Life Balance? Women in Management Review, 15 (2), 81-89.
Carikci, I. (2003). Gender different in work-family conflict among managers in Turkey: Non Western Perspective.
Castro, C.A., Bienvenu, R.V., Huffman, A.H., & Adler, A.B. (2001). Soldier Dimensions and Operational Readiness in U.S. Army Forces Deployed to Kosovo. (Report 20010410 200) Frederick, MD: U.S. Army Medical Research & Materiel Command.
Clark, S. C. (2002). Communicating Across the Work/Home Border. Community, Work & Family, 5(1), 23-48.
Corrine, A., Moss-Racusin, Jessica, J. G., & Diana, T. S. (2010). Impact of Collective Gender Identity on Relationship Quality: When Men Feel Devalued. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 1, 65-75.
Dahle, T. D. (2016). Longitudinal Examination of Observed Family Hostility and Adolescent Anxiety and Depression as Mediated by Adolescent Perspective Taking and Empathic Concern. A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
Drummet, A. R., Coleman, M., & Cable, S. (2003).Military Families under Stress: Implications for Family Life Education. Family Relations, 52(3), 279-287.
Eby, L. T., Casper, W. J., Lockwood, A., & Bordeaux, C. (2005). Brinley A. Work and Family research in IO/OB: content analysis and review of the literature. Journal of Voc behave, 66: 124-197.
Elloy, D. F. (2002). Overload and Work-Family Conflict among Australian Dual-career Families: Moderating Effects of Support. Psychological Report, 91 (3), 907-913.
Epley, N., Caruso, E. M., & Bazerman, M. H. (2006). When perspective taking increases taking: Reactive egoism in social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 872–889.
Federman, E. B., Bray, R. M., & Kroutkil, L. A. (2000). Relationship between Substance Use and Recent Deployments among Women and Men in the Military. Military Psychology, 12 (3), 205-220.
Frone, M. R. (2000). Work-Family Conflict: The Effect of Job and Family Involvement. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 8 (1), 45-53.
Gilin, D., Maddux, W. W., Carpenter, J., & Galinsky, A. D. (2013). When to use your head and when to use your heart: The differential value of perspective-taking versus empathy in competitive interactions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 3–16.
Gondia, N., & Urdan, T. (2014). Parental influences on student motivation, affect and academic behavior: Introduction to the special issue. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 22, 3-6.
Goodwin, R. E., Groth, M., & Frenkel, S. J. (2011). Relationship between emotional labor, job performance, and turnover. Journal Vocat Behav, 79 (2):538-548.
Gosserand, R. H., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2005). Emotional display rules and emotional labor: The moderating role of commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90 (6):1256-1264.
Hochschild, A. R. (1989). The second shift. New York: Penguin Group.
Hooker, C. I., Verosky, S. C., Germine, L. T., Knight, R. T., & Esposite, M. (2009). Neural activity during social signal perception correlates with self-reported empathy. Brain Research, 13, 100-113.
Howard, W. G.,Donoforio, H. H., & Boles, J. S. (2004). Inter-Domain Work-Family, Family-Work Conflict and Police Work Satisfaction. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 27 (3), 380-395.
Humphrey, R. H., Pollack, J. M., & Hawver, T. (2008). Leading with emotional labor. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(2):151-168.
Kellas, J. K., Carr, K., Horstman, H. K., Dilil, D. (2017). The Communicated Perspective-Taking Rating System and links to well-being in marital conflict. Personal Relationship, 24 (1): 185–202
Kgosana, M. C. (2010). An Exploratory Study of Family Stability under Conditions of Deployment. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Commerce (Industrial Psychology) at the University of Stellenbosch.
Long, E. C. J. (1990).Measuring dyadic perspective –Taking:Two scales for Assessing perspective –Taking in marriage and similar dyads. Journal of educayional and Psycholgical measurement, 50, 90-105.
Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71, 543-562.
Major, V. S., Klein, K. J., & Ehrhart, M. G. (2002). Work time, work interference with family, and employee distress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 427-436.
Mansfield, A. J., Kaufman, J. S., Marshall, S. W., Gaynes, B. N., Morrissey, J. P, & Engel, C. C. (2010) Deployment and the use of mental health services among U.S. Army wives. New England Journal of Medicine; 362: 101–109.
Martin, J., Sokol, B., & Elfers, T. (2008). Taking and coordinating perspectives: From perfective interactivity, through reflective intersubjectivity, to metareflective sociality. Human Development, 51, 294-317.
McAllister, M., & McKinnon, J. (2008). The importance of teaching and learning resilience in the health disciplines: A critical review of the literature. Nurse Educ Today, 29 (4): 371-9
Morris, J. A., & Feldman, D. (1996). Managing emotions in the workplace. Journal of Managerial Issue, 9 (3): 257-274.
Sayer, N. A., Noorbaloochi, S., Frazier, P., Carlson, K. F., Gravely, A., & Murdoch, M. (2010). Reintegration problems and treatment preferences among recent veterans. New directions for trauma research. Psychiatric Services, 61:589–597.
Schoebi, D. (2008). The coregulation of daily affect in marital relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 595–604.
Segal, M. W., & Harris, J. J. (1993). What we know about Army families. Alexandria, VA: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.
Simon, M., Kummerling, A., & Hasselhorn, H. M. (2004). Work–home conflict in the European nursing profession. International Journal of Occupational Environment Health, 10: 384–391.
Skomorovsky, A., & Stevens, S. (2013). Testing a resilience model among Canadian Forces recruits. Military medicine, 178 (8):829-37.
Sutton, R. I. (1991). Maintaining norms about expressed emotions: The case of bill collectors. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36: 245-268.
Vater A., & Schroder, A. M. (2015). Explaining the link between personality and relationship satisfaction: Emotion regulation and interpersonal behavior in conflict discussions. European Journal of Personality, 29: 201–215.
Wisecarver, M. M., Cracraft, M.L., & Heffner, T.S. (2006). Deployment Consequences: A Review of the Literature and Integration of Findings into a Model of Retention. ARI Research Report 1845. Arlington, VA: US Army Research Institute.
Zinn J. O. (2012). Soldiers, work and emotions – perspectives from the sociology of risk and uncertainty In L. Cheshire et al. (Eds.), Emerging and enduring inequalities, (TASA 2012 Conference Proceedings). Canberra: The Australian Sociological Association.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 آذر 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 تیر 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 شهریور 1397

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار