In today’s complex world, soft skills are regarded as essential pillars of individual, organizational, and social success. In military environments, they are of even greater importance due to the necessity of effective interaction, self-control, and group cohesion. The present study aimed to identify and explain soft skills in the military and society by integrating Islamic teachings and psychology, and proposing an integrative conceptual framework for these skills. The study employed a qualitative content analysis method using a deductive–inductive approach. Data were extracted from authoritative psychological texts on soft skills and military psychology, as well as Islamic sources, including the Holy Quran, Nahj al-Balagha, Bihar al-Anwar, Tuhaf al-Uqul, Khisal, and Usul al-Kafi, and were subsequently analyzed. The findings indicated that soft skills (both intrapersonal and interpersonal) have a multidimensional structure. Six categories were identified in the psychological literature: self-awareness, emotion regulation, conflict management, resilience, teamwork, and effective communication. Islamic texts likewise emphasize components such as self-awareness, reconciliation, anger control (Kazm al-Ghayz), contentment (Rida), and patience. The results demonstrate convergence between the two knowledge sources in fostering a balanced and responsible human being. Accordingly, an integrative conceptual framework based on three levels (cognitive and self-regulatory, interpersonal and communicative, and resilience and ethical–spiritual) is proposed.