Psychological capital is recognized as one of the most critical human resources in contemporary organizations, playing a pivotal role in enhancing employee well-being and performance. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between training and human resource development and the empowerment of psychological capital among employees of the Law Enforcement Forces (LEF), considering the mediating role of job performance.

This research was applied in purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population comprised all employees working in the LEF in Tehran, from which 381 participants were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires measuring training and human resource development, psychological capital, and job performance. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling and bootstrap testing through SPSS and AMOS software.

The findings revealed that training and human resource development had a significant positive effect on the empowerment of psychological capital, both directly (β = 0.462, p < 0.001) and indirectly through the improvement of job performance (β = 0.312, p < 0.001). The final research model demonstrated good fit indices. Additionally, psychological capital showed a positive and significant relationship with job performance.

Targeted investment in training and human resource development represents an effective strategy for enhancing employees' psychological capital, and this relationship is strengthened through the improvement of job performance. It is recommended that LEF managers design training programs aimed at simultaneously developing technical skills and psychological capital, while establishing effective feedback systems to reinforce successful employee performance.